Undoubtedly the two-pole filter would be a more
economical choice with probably equal performance in
this application. Since the equipment is not likely to be
equivalent to either one of these simple cases, the only
way to find the best cost-effective solution is to test the
filters in your equipment and base your judgement on
these test results.
Figure 1b.
The same circuit as in Figure 1a, with the addition of
a 2-pole low pass filter. Notice filter capacitor C1 is in
parallel with the capacitive load.
Figure 1c.
Combining capacitor
C1 in Figure 1b,
with the load
results in this circuit
configuration.
The filter has been reduced to one inductive element, L1.
Obviously a three-pole filter would be preferred for
maximum performance. Likewise, if the equipment
looked strictly inductive, the performance of a three-
pole network would be reduced to that of a two-pole
network.
Figure 2a.
A signal source
with its internal
impedance driving
an inductive load.
Leakage Current
The maximum leakage current that a device is allowed
depends on the requirements of the particular safety
agency involved. Here, selection of the filter is quite
easy since either the filter is designed to meet a given
level or it is not. Although there is no compromise
when it comes to safety specifications, it should be
understood that for a given level of performance, as
the leakage current is reduced, the physical size of the
package will increase. Curtis medical filters have a very
low leakage current.
Insertion Loss
DO NOT use the insertion loss specifications to make
your final decision. Power line filters are two-terminal
pair passive networks whose attenuation characteristics
can be defined by a complex transfer function. How
that transfer function will react in a particular system
and at specific frequencies will depend on the complex
impedances connected to each side of the filter. The
equipment impedance and the impedance of the
power line, even if a 50 ohm LISN (Line Impedance
Stabilization Network) is being used during emission
testing, will not generally be equal to the resistive
50 ohms used during insertion loss measurements.
Therefore, the performance of the filter in the
equipment cannot be related to the published insertion
loss data.
Figure 2b.
The same circuit as in Figure 2a, with the addition of a
3-pole low pass filter. Notice filter inductance L2 is in
series with the inductive load.
Figure 2c.
Combining inductor L2 in Figure 2b, with the load
results in this circuit configuration, the filter has been
reduced to two effective elements, L1 & C1.
Minimum Insertion Loss
Do not be alarmed that the insertion loss figures we
have published may be of lower value than those of
our competition. You will only find guaranteed minimum
insertion loss figures in this catalog, without any
mention of typical values.
Insertion loss test data measured in a 50 ohm
system is a valuable incoming inspection tool to assure
you that consistent product is being shipped. The only
figures of any importance are those that specify the
criteria for acceptance or rejection of that product, and
those figures are the minimum values.
Curtis Industries
A Division of Powers Holdings, Inc.
1-800-657-0853
87
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